{"id":3964,"date":"2025-05-12T10:49:43","date_gmt":"2025-05-12T07:49:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/?p=3964"},"modified":"2025-05-12T10:49:45","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T07:49:45","slug":"turkiye-ve-avrupada-uyusturucu-maddeler-ve-mdma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/2025\/05\/12\/turkiye-ve-avrupada-uyusturucu-maddeler-ve-mdma\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye ve Avrupa\u2019da Uyu\u015fturucu Maddeler ve MDMA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Uyu\u015fturucu madde kullan\u0131m\u0131, giderek artan bir halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdidi olu\u015fturmaya devam etmektedir. K\u00fcresel ve b\u00f6lgesel d\u00fczeyde, uyu\u015fturucu ticareti ve kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 izlemek amac\u0131yla &#8220;Erken Uyar\u0131 Sistemleri&#8221; ve &#8220;izleme merkezleri&#8221; gibi kurumsal yap\u0131lar (yukar\u0131da an\u0131ld\u0131) geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfus, bu tehlikeye kar\u015f\u0131 en hassas ve risk alt\u0131nda olan grup olarak izlenmekte ve d\u00fczenli olarak raporlanmaktad\u0131r. Her y\u0131l T\u00fcrkiye ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerinde, Uyu\u015fturucular ve Uyu\u015fturucu Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130zleme Merkezi (EMCDDA) taraf\u0131ndan yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 maddelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin raporlar yay\u0131nlanmaktad\u0131r (2024 sonras\u0131 Avrupa Birli\u011fi Uyu\u015fturucu Ajans\u0131 (EUDA) olarak yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131). Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Uyu\u015fturucu ve Su\u00e7 Ofisi (UNODC) taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u201cD\u00fcnya Uyu\u015fturucu Raporu (WDR)\u201d ise k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde uyu\u015fturucu madde kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, bu kurumlar yan\u0131nda Ulusal Zehir Dan\u0131\u015fma Merkezi\u2019nin (UZEM) \u00e7o\u011fu hastane ve acil servis bildirimlerine dayanan verileri, Ulusal Uyu\u015fturucu Raporundaki kriminal verilere dayanan uyu\u015fturucu kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair istatistikler ve sonu\u00e7ta beklenecek toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu konuda acil servisleri ilgilendiren riskler ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. Uyu\u015fturucu Kullan\u0131m\u0131na Dair \u0130statistikler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;deki uyu\u015fturucu madde kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Ulusal Zehir Dan\u0131\u015fma Merkezi (UZEM) verilerine g\u00f6re, hastane ve acil servis kaynakl\u0131 uyu\u015fturucu zehirlenmeleri 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda %2,84 (6.182 vaka) iken 2020&#8217;de yine %2,85 olarak kaydedilmi\u015ftir (da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k veriler derlenerek sa\u011fland\u0131) (\u015eekil 1a ve 1b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.21.01-1024x662.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3965\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.21.01-1024x662.png 1024w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.21.01-300x194.png 300w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.21.01-768x497.png 768w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.21.01-100x65.png 100w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.21.01-1170x756.png 1170w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.21.01-585x378.png 585w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.21.01.png 1256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u015eekil 1a: 2014-2020 UZEM Raporu: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de uyu\u015fturucu madde etkenleri ve y\u0131llara g\u00f6re bildirimi yap\u0131lan zehirlenme say\u0131lar\u0131 (2012;100 vaka)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"607\" src=\"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.21.43-1024x607.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3966\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.21.43-1024x607.png 1024w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.21.43-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.21.43-768x456.png 768w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.21.43-100x59.png 100w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.21.43-1170x694.png 1170w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.21.43-585x347.png 585w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.21.43.png 1234w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u015eekil 1b: UZEM 2014-2020 y\u0131llar\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lan MDMA(ekstazi) vakalar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015f ve y\u0131llara g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; UZEM verilerinde 0-5 ya\u015f grubunda dahi bilinmeyen ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131c\u0131 kimyasallara maruziyet oran\u0131 %2,67 olarak tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k tedavi merkezlerinde 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda uyu\u015fturucu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedavisi g\u00f6ren 350 bin ki\u015finin %2,1&#8217;i &#8220;kokain ve di\u011fer stimulanlara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k&#8221; tan\u0131s\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f ve %0,7&#8217;si ekstazi (MDMA) kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak kaydedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Ulusal Uyu\u015fturucu Raporu 2024: 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ekstazi \u015f\u00fcpheli olay (kriminal olaylar, yakalanma, ta\u015f\u0131ma vs) say\u0131s\u0131nda 2022 y\u0131lana g\u00f6re %37,2 oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi belirtilmektedir. K\u00f6k molek\u00fcl olan metamfetamin ise 2022\u2019ye g\u00f6re 2023\u2019de %60 yakalanma miktar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f olsa da yakalanan olay say\u0131s\u0131nda %15 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu (daha iyi sakland\u0131klar\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelebilir) raporlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fte, \u201cyenilenen uyar\u0131c\u0131lar\u201d olarak: (<strong>NPS &#8211; New Psychoactive Substance<\/strong>), Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Uyu\u015fturucu Kontrol S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri kapsam\u0131nda kontrole tabi olmayan ve kannabinoidler, katinonlar, triptaminler gibi \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 gruplarda s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lan uyu\u015fturucu maddelerin pay\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00dclkemizin TUB\u0130M (T\u00fcrkiye Ulusal Uyu\u015fturucu ve Uyu\u015fturucu Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u0130zleme Merkezi) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fu EUDA Erken Uyar\u0131 Sisteminde 2024 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla g\u00f6zledi\u011fi NPS say\u0131s\u0131 toplamda 971 oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. Bu maddelerin kayna\u011f\u0131 ise daha \u00e7ok Arap \u00fclkeleri ve Yemen\u2019dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.Avrupada ve K\u00fcresel Uyu\u015fturucu Kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun %5&#8217;inin en az bir kez uyu\u015fturucu madde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; WDR 2024 raporuna g\u00f6re, 2022 itibariyle 288 milyon ki\u015finin uyu\u015fturucu kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenmi\u015f&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; olup, bu oran d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun %5,6&#8217;s\u0131na denk gelmektedir. Uyu\u015fturucu t\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re kullan\u0131mdaki da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &#8211; Eroin: 60 milyon kullan\u0131c\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &#8211; Amfetamin ve benzeri uyar\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131: 30 milyon<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &#8211; Kokain: 23 milyon<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &#8211; MDMA (Ekstazi): 20 milyon kullan\u0131c\u0131 olarak WDR raporlar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &#8211; \u00d6m\u00fcr boyu en az bir defa madde kullan\u0131m oran\u0131 %4,3 olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. MDMA (Ekstazi) Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Esrar piyasada hala en \u00e7ok (4\/5 oran\u0131nda) kullan\u0131m\u0131 olan uyu\u015fturucu olsa da MDMA ve NPS\u2019ler h\u0131zla piyasada yer almaktad\u0131r. MDMA merkezi sinir sistemini uyar\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 (3,4-metilendioksi-metamfetamin) olup halk aras\u0131nda en \u00e7ok &#8220;ekstazi&#8221; olarak bilinen sentetik bir maddedir. Avrupa ve T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de kullan\u0131m oranlar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermektedir: EUDA 2024 raporlamas\u0131nda (\u015eekil 2),<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"691\" src=\"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.22.12-1024x691.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3967\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.22.12-1024x691.png 1024w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.22.12-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.22.12-768x518.png 768w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.22.12-100x68.png 100w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.22.12-1170x790.png 1170w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.22.12-585x395.png 585w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.22.12.png 1262w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u015eekil 1b: UZEM 2014-2020 y\u0131llar\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lan MDMA(ekstazi) vakalar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015f ve y\u0131llara g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; 15-34 ya\u015f aras\u0131 n\u00fcfusun %2,2\u2019lik bir kesimi (2,2 milyon ki\u015fi) MDMA kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; 15-24 ya\u015f aras\u0131 n\u00fcfusun %2,3&#8217;l\u00fck bir kesimi (1,1 milyon ki\u015fi) MDMA kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; 15-64 ya\u015f aras\u0131 n\u00fcfusun ise %1&#8217;i son bir y\u0131lda MDMA kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlara girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Bu verilerin kayna\u011f\u0131, Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n Norve\u00e7 dahil bir\u00e7ok \u015fehrinde at\u0131k su analizleri yap\u0131larak, MDMA metabolitlerinin taranmas\u0131yla g\u00f6sterilen art\u0131\u015flar olarak kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; MDMA kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n %75&#8217;i erkek cinsiyette oldu\u011fu, genellikle alkol ve di\u011fer uyar\u0131c\u0131larla birlikte kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de sadece adli kuvvetlerce yakalanan MDMA; 5 milyon tablet olarak raporlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Ulusal Uyu\u015fturucu Raporu 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; EUDA 2024 raporuna g\u00f6re MDMA kayna\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca Hollanda veya \u00e7evresinde yo\u011funla\u015fmaktad\u0131r (laboratuar ve hammadde kullan\u0131m say\u0131lar\u0131 fazla). MDMA tablet ve toz \u00fcr\u00fcnlerindeki safl\u0131k ve miktar\u0131ndaki azalmaya ra\u011fmen (140-167 mg MDMA ve ortalama safl\u0131\u011f\u0131 %46- %100), etki g\u00fcc\u00fcnde tarihsel bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlenmektedir. Tartarik asit, metamfetaminin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve en \u00e7ok aranan formunu \u00fcretimede kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (\u201ckristal meth\u201d i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan d-metamfetamin). T\u00fcm psikoaktif ta\u011f\u015fi\u015f maddelerinin %44&#8217;\u00fcnde sentetik katinonlar, ayr\u0131ca kafein, pembe kokain yani ketamin, tusibi lakab\u0131yla 2CB maddesi ve di\u011fer hal\u00fcsinojen maddeler de dahil 226 \u00e7e\u015fit madde i\u00e7erebilen tabletler yer almaktad\u0131r (\u015eekil 3,4). Toz ve tabletlerin yan\u0131nda yenilebilir (\u015feker, jelatin, lolipop) ve daha yeni MDMA \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin, \u00f6zellikle Bel\u00e7ika ve \u00c7ekya gibi baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde sat\u0131\u015fa sunuldu\u011fu bildirilmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de \u201cjelibon\u201d diye an\u0131lan ve \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kan MDMA \u00fcr\u00fcnleri acil servis ba\u015fvurular\u0131ndaki hikayelerde tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"614\" src=\"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.23.14-1024x614.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3968\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.23.14-1024x614.png 1024w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.23.14-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.23.14-768x461.png 768w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.23.14-100x60.png 100w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.23.14-1170x702.png 1170w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.23.14-585x351.png 585w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.23.14.png 1284w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u015eekil 3: Kullan\u0131c\u0131lara MDMA olarak sat\u0131lan ve 2023&#8217;te 12 Avrupa uyu\u015fturucu kontrol servisinde test edilen \u00f6rneklerde tespit edilen psikoaktif sahte \u00fcr\u00fcnler<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"863\" src=\"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.23.47-1024x863.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3969\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.23.47-1024x863.png 1024w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.23.47-300x253.png 300w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.23.47-768x647.png 768w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.23.47-100x84.png 100w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.23.47-1170x986.png 1170w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.23.47-585x493.png 585w, https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/05\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-05-12-10.23.47.png 1248w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u015eekil 4: MDMA ve i\u00e7indeki uyar\u0131c\u0131 etkiyi art\u0131ran di\u011fer ek katk\u0131 maddeleri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Riskleri ve \u00d6l\u00fcmler<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 2024\u2019deki kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda, maddeye \u00f6zg\u00fcn tedavi da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7inde ekstazi %0.7, kokain %4, kannabinoid % 30 ama en \u00e7ok metamfetamin %37.1 ile uyar\u0131c\u0131 madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlanmaktad\u0131r. 2023\u2019de tedavi g\u00f6ren 350bin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131n\u0131n \u201cKafein ve Di\u011fer Stimulanlar Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d tan\u0131s\u0131: ayaktan 7.329 (%2,1), yatarak ise 582 (%0.16) olgu tespit edildi. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de uyu\u015fturucuya ba\u011fl\u0131 246 \u00f6l\u00fcm kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir ve bunlar\u0131n 46&#8217;s\u0131 (%18,7) MDMA etken olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir (\u015eekil 1a,1b, 2). Avrupa&#8217;da (28 \u00fclke) MDMA kaynakl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmler, t\u00fcm uyu\u015fturucuya ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmler i\u00e7inde %5 oran\u0131ndayken, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de bu oran\u0131n %20&#8217;ye yak\u0131n olmas\u0131 endi\u015fe vericidir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan MDMA, daha \u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00fcm ve akut zehirlenme belirtileri ile raporlansa da ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k tedavilerinde bildirimine az rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. Sonu\u00e7 ve De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Uyu\u015fturucu madde kullan\u0131m\u0131, \u00f6zellikle MDMA gibi uyar\u0131c\u0131 maddeler konusunda artan \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131yla ciddiyetini korumaktad\u0131r: T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de MDMA kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131 Avrupa&#8217;dakinden \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksektir, bu da b\u00f6lgesel \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. EMCDDA (EUDA) ve UNODC gibi kurumsal yap\u0131lar, Erken Uyar\u0131 Sistemleri ile piyasadaki yeni trendleri izleyen merkezi yap\u0131lanmalar ile vakalardan al\u0131nan verileri (\u00f6zellikle acil servis bazl\u0131 olarak) de\u011ferlendirmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye uyu\u015fturucuyla m\u00fccadele program\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda 2006\u2019da ba\u015flat\u0131lan anla\u015fma uyu\u015fturucu kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin veriler daha \u00e7ok kriminal olaylara ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k tedavi merkezlerine dayanmaktad\u0131r. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l tek merkezli olarak \u0130zmir gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fehirdeki hastane acil servisi bazl\u0131 verileri \u00fczerinden de bu kurumlara bilgilendirilme sa\u011flansa&nbsp; da, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den acil servis bazl\u0131 d\u00fczenli veri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ger\u00e7ek kullan\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 EUDA raporlar\u0131ndakine g\u00f6re az g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve UZEM, uyu\u015fturucu tedavi merkezleri ve hastane acil servisleri ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131larla m\u00fccadelede g\u00f6rev alan sa\u011fl\u0131k ekibinin i\u00e7inde yer almakta ve uyu\u015fturucu madde \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin artmas\u0131 kadar, kullan\u0131c\u0131 kitlesinin 7\u2019den 70\u2019e geni\u015f ya\u015f gruplar\u0131nda olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k olarak bu vakalara hizmet vermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Ruhsatl\u0131 veya yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 iki ya da daha fazla psikoaktif maddenin ayn\u0131 anda veya arka arkaya kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, hatta kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n sat\u0131n almak istedikleri maddenin yan\u0131nda, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m h\u00e2linde ya da onun yerine kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bekledi\u011fi uyu\u015fturucudan farkl\u0131 bir ya da daha fazla uyu\u015fturucu i\u00e7eren maddelerin sat\u0131labildi\u011fi raporlarda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum bilinmeyen madde i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve dozu nedeniyle s\u00f6z konusu sa\u011fl\u0131k risklerini daha da art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. MDMA i\u00e7in enjekte edilen formu \u015fimdilik pek bulunmasa da laboratuarlar\u0131n yak\u0131n gelecekte yeni bir \u00e7e\u015fidini geli\u015ftirebilece\u011fi varsay\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Acil serviste bu maddelere ba\u011fl\u0131 komplike vakalar\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcmleri daha y\u00fcksek oranda g\u00f6rece\u011fimizin fark\u0131nda olmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaynaklar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.euda.europa.eu\/publications\/european-drug-report\/2024\/mdma_tr\">https:\/\/www.euda.europa.eu\/publications\/european-drug-report\/2024\/mdma_tr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.euda.europa.eu\/publications\/european-drug-report\/2024\/mdma_en#edr24-mdma-figure-5.1\">https:\/\/www.euda.europa.eu\/publications\/european-drug-report\/2024\/mdma_en#edr24-mdma-figure-5.1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.euda.europa.eu\/publications\/european-drug-report\/2024\/drug-situation-in-europe-up-to-2024_tr\">https:\/\/www.euda.europa.eu\/publications\/european-drug-report\/2024\/drug-situation-in-europe-up-to-2024_tr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.euda.europa.eu\/publications\/european-drug-report\/2024\/new-psychoactive-substances_tr#level-3-section1\">https:\/\/www.euda.europa.eu\/publications\/european-drug-report\/2024\/new-psychoactive-substances_tr#level-3-section1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/hsgm.saglik.gov.tr\/depo\/Yayinlarimiz\/Raporlar\/Ulusal_Zehir_Danisma_Merkezi_UZEM_Raporlari_2014-2020_Yillarr.pdf\">https:\/\/hsgm.saglik.gov.tr\/depo\/Yayinlarimiz\/Raporlar\/Ulusal_Zehir_Danisma_Merkezi_UZEM_Raporlari_2014-2020_Yillarr.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/data-and-analysis\/WDR_2024\/WDR24_Key_findings_and_conclusions.pdf\">https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/data-and-analysis\/WDR_2024\/WDR24_Key_findings_and_conclusions.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/njcp\/article\/view\/166488\">https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/njcp\/article\/view\/166488<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Uyu\u015fturucu madde kullan\u0131m\u0131, giderek artan bir halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdidi olu\u015fturmaya devam etmektedir. K\u00fcresel ve b\u00f6lgesel d\u00fczeyde, uyu\u015fturucu ticareti ve kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 izlemek&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1302,"featured_media":3970,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,10014,10019,8],"tags":[27,202,10022,406,449],"class_list":["post-3964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-akademik-blog-yazisi","category-tft","category-toxipaper","tag-acil-tip","tag-intoksikasyon","tag-tft","tag-toksikoloji","tag-zehirlenme"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3964","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1302"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3964"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3964\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3970"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3964"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3964"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/toksikoloji\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3964"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}