{"id":471,"date":"2022-02-15T06:30:05","date_gmt":"2022-02-15T03:30:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/?p=471"},"modified":"2022-02-14T15:08:41","modified_gmt":"2022-02-14T12:08:41","slug":"afet-tibbi-yan-dal-mi-doktora-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/akademik-blog-yazisi\/afet-tibbi-yan-dal-mi-doktora-mi\/","title":{"rendered":"Afet T\u0131bb\u0131 Yan Dal m\u0131 Doktora m\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Afet t\u0131bb\u0131<\/u><\/strong>; Afet t\u0131bb\u0131, afet \u00f6ncesi haz\u0131rl\u0131k ve planlama, afet s\u0131ras\u0131nda m\u00fcdahale ve yan\u0131t ile afet sonras\u0131 yeniden iyile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinden olu\u015fan afet ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc boyunca t\u0131bb\u0131 olarak liderlik yapan ve afet ma\u011fdurlar\u0131na sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti sa\u011flayan t\u0131bbi uzmanl\u0131k alan\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda Acil T\u0131p<\/u><\/strong>, afet t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131rt\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131yan bir ana bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye, co\u011frafyas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hem do\u011fal afetlerin hem de sava\u015f, g\u00f6\u00e7 ve ter\u00f6r sonucu meydana gelen t\u0131bbi sorunlar\u0131n olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k ve y\u00fckl\u00fc oldu\u011fu bir \u00fclkedir.<\/p>\n

Yabanc\u0131 kaynaklarda;\u00a0 Nuh\u2019un ilk felaket y\u00f6neticisi oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Potansiyel bir felaketin bilgisini ald\u0131ktan sonra bir gemi in\u015fa ederek ve kitlesel bir g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fctleyerek tufan\u0131n etkilerini azaltmak i\u00e7in plan yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u0131da, su, bar\u0131nak, t\u0131bbi bak\u0131m, at\u0131k imha ve t\u00fcm tahliye edilenlerin di\u011fer ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 planlamak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya da g\u00fcncel Tokyo metrosunda s\u00e2rin gaz\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, Amerika da ikiz kulelere yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131lar ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere hemen hemen her g\u00fcn meydana gelen deprem sel volkanik patlamalar ile s\u0131nanmakta Afet t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n ve afetlere haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olman\u0131n \u00f6nemi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Resim 1. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131ndan afet g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri ( https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/tr\/dunya\/2020de-dunya-dogal-afetlerle-sarsildi\/2089949 )<\/p>\n

Afetler konusunda ne kadar haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, ne yaz\u0131k ki, 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 17 bin insan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kaybetti\u011fimiz Marmara depremi ile \u00f6\u011frendik. Bu ac\u0131n\u0131n hem maddi hem de manevi toparlanmas\u0131 \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ald\u0131. Bundan sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sa\u011fl\u0131k Afet Koordinasyon Merkezi (SAKOM<\/strong>) ve Afet ve Acil Durum Y\u00f6netimi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (AFAD<\/strong>) resmi yollardan kurulmas\u0131 oldu. Yap\u0131lan iyile\u015ftirme ve planlamalara ra\u011fmen halen afet konusunda yeterli bir konumda maalesef de\u011filiz. En son ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 2011 Van depremi ve 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan Elaz\u0131\u011f ve \u0130zmir depremlerinde, 99 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fck, kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z daha fazlayd\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok grup depreme e\u015f zamanl\u0131 haz\u0131rland\u0131 veya m\u00fcdahale etti. Buna ra\u011fmen g\u00f6rev alan ekipler aras\u0131nda koordinasyonun yetersiz olmas\u0131, lokal kaynaklara ula\u015f\u0131m problemi ve triaj uygulamas\u0131nda aksakl\u0131klar yine kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorunlar oldu.<\/p>\n

Afetlerde en \u00e7ok g\u00f6rev alan sa\u011fl\u0131k ekipleri, s\u0131kl\u0131kla acil ve kritik bak\u0131m sa\u011flayan gruplardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Acil t\u0131p hekimlerinin ise hem acil servis gibi sava\u015f benzeri ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hem de triaj uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 rutin olarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, Amerikan Acil T\u0131p Doktorlar\u0131 Birli\u011fi (ACEP) taraf\u0131ndan afetlerde aktif rol oynamas\u0131 \u00f6nerilmektedir. \u00dclkemizde bu konuda ilerlemek isteyen ki\u015filer i\u00e7in doktora (Phd) yapmak d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir se\u00e7enek bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada ise, afet t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n uzmanl\u0131k olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Acil t\u0131p, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, afet y\u00f6netimi ve hastane \u00f6ncesi acil t\u0131p gibi farkl\u0131 disiplinlerin ilkelerini birle\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnya da afet t\u0131bb\u0131 e\u011fitimi veren \u00fcniversitede doktora ve y\u00fcksek lisans programlar\u0131 Amerika\u2019da en fazla iken afetlere en s\u0131k maruz kalan Asya \u00fclkelerde ise afet t\u0131bb\u0131 e\u011fitimi en azd\u0131r. Amerika\u2019da Acil t\u0131p uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n liderlik etti\u011fi uzmanl\u0131k sonras\u0131 1 ile 3 y\u0131l aras\u0131nda s\u00fcren yan dal e\u011fitimi olarak verilmektedir. ACEP\u2019e g\u00f6re 17 acil t\u0131p program\u0131 afet t\u0131bb\u0131 yan dal e\u011fitimi vermektedir. Bu programlarda 1 y\u0131l afet t\u0131bb\u0131 e\u011fitimi, 2 y\u0131ll\u0131k programlarda hastane \u00f6ncesi acil sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri (EMS<\/strong>) e\u011fitimi beraber verilmektedir. Bununla birlikte 3 y\u0131l\u0131k programlar ise Halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek lisans\u0131(MPH<\/strong>) eklenerek al\u0131nabilmektedir. T\u00fcm bu programlara kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in Amerikan Acil T\u0131p Yeterlilik(ABEM<\/strong>) alm\u0131\u015f olmak gerekmektedir. Acil T\u0131p Uzmanlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da afet t\u0131bb\u0131 doktora ve e\u011fitim programlar\u0131 mevcuttur. Onlarda da yeterlilik almak i\u00e7in belli bri e\u011fitim m\u00fcfredat\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mek gerekmektedir. Avrupa ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu bir\u00e7ok \u00fcniversitede doktora veya y\u00fcksek lisans olarak Afet T\u0131bb\u0131 e\u011fitimi veren kurum bulunmaktad\u0131r. Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde verilen e\u011fitim European Master Program in Disaster Medicine (EMDM<\/strong>) m\u00fcfredatlar\u0131na online eri\u015fim ile de ula\u015f\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Resim 2. European Master Program in Disaster Medicine (EMDM<\/strong>) internet sitesi\u00a0 ( https:\/\/www.vub.be\/en\/study\/disaster-medicine#about )<\/p>\n

Son olarak, afet t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkemizde hem daha bilimsel hem de daha kapsay\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir uzmanl\u0131k alan\u0131, yani yan dal, olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in acil uzmanlar\u0131 olarak \u00e7aba sarf etmek zorunday\u0131z. Amerikan modeli g\u00f6nl\u00fcm\u00fczden ge\u00e7en modeldir. T\u00fcrkiye Acil T\u0131p Derne\u011fi (TATD) ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer acil dernekler ininde bu konuda giri\u015fimlerinin oldu\u011funu bilmekteyiz. Bu safhada bir yan dal kurulmas\u0131 durumunda di\u011fer ana bilim dallar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en iyi sonu\u00e7 olmayabilir. \u00dclkemiz ko\u015fullar\u0131nda afet t\u0131bb\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir gereksinimdir. Acil t\u0131bba ba\u011fl\u0131 veya de\u011fil, yan dal veya ayr\u0131 bir bran\u015f olarak Afet T\u0131bb\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r. \u00dclke olarak bir\u00e7ok bilim dal\u0131n\u0131 entegre edebilecek ve gerekti\u011finde b\u00fct\u00fcn birimler aras\u0131nda (arama-kurtarma, e\u011fitim vb.) koordinasyonu sa\u011flayacak bir afet t\u0131bb\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Resim 3. T\u00fcrkiye Acil T\u0131p Derne\u011fi Afet Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan “Afet Y\u00f6netimi ve T\u0131bbi Uygulamalar Temel Ba\u015fvuru Kitab\u0131”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Afet Y\u00f6netimi ve T\u0131bbi Uygulamalar Temel Ba\u015fvuru Kitab\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Afet t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkemizde hem daha bilimsel hem de daha kapsay\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir uzmanl\u0131k alan\u0131, yani yan dal, olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in acil uzmanlar\u0131 olarak \u00e7aba sarf etmek zorunday\u0131z. Amerikan modeli g\u00f6nl\u00fcm\u00fczden ge\u00e7en modeldir. T\u00fcrkiye Acil T\u0131p Derne\u011fi (TATD) ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer acil dernekler ininde bu konuda giri\u015fimlerinin oldu\u011funu bilmekteyiz. Bu safhada bir yan dal kurulmas\u0131 durumunda di\u011fer ana bilim dallar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en iyi sonu\u00e7 olmayabilir. \u00dclkemiz ko\u015fullar\u0131nda afet t\u0131bb\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir gereksinimdir. Acil t\u0131bba ba\u011fl\u0131 veya de\u011fil, yan dal veya ayr\u0131 bir bran\u015f olarak Afet T\u0131bb\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r. \u00dclke olarak bir\u00e7ok bilim dal\u0131n\u0131 entegre edebilecek ve gerekti\u011finde b\u00fct\u00fcn birimler aras\u0131nda (arama-kurtarma, e\u011fitim vb.) koordinasyonu sa\u011flayacak bir afet t\u0131bb\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1352,"featured_media":473,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10043,10014],"tags":[10055,10053,10056,10054],"class_list":["post-471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-afet-yazi-dizisi","category-akademik-blog-yazisi","tag-acil-tip","tag-afet-tibbi","tag-doktora","tag-yan-dal"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/471","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1352"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=471"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/471\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/473"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=471"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=471"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=471"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}