{"id":1640,"date":"2024-12-15T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-15T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/?p=1640"},"modified":"2024-12-12T19:42:12","modified_gmt":"2024-12-12T16:42:12","slug":"turkiyede-afet-tibbi-egitimi-ve-afet-tibbi-yan-dali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/akademik-blog-yazisi\/turkiyede-afet-tibbi-egitimi-ve-afet-tibbi-yan-dali\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Afet T\u0131bb\u0131 E\u011fitimi ve Afet T\u0131bb\u0131 Yan Dal\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Afet t\u0131bb\u0131, afetlerden etkilenen toplumun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 etkileri \u00f6nlemek ve azaltmak i\u00e7in afet \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde afet risk y\u00f6netimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapmay\u0131 ve afet sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri ve tesislerinin i\u015flerli\u011fini sa\u011flamay\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerini yerel, b\u00f6lgesel ve ulusal d\u00fczeyde dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi ve b\u00f6ylece k\u0131t kaynaklardan en fazla say\u0131da insan\u0131n yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r (1). Afet t\u0131bb\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel geli\u015fimi d\u00fcnyada yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, acil sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri, afet y\u00f6netimi, acil t\u0131p ve askeri t\u0131p gibi farkl\u0131 disiplinlerin afet t\u0131bb\u0131 kavram\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Afet t\u0131bb\u0131 alan\u0131na y\u00f6nelik Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler taraf\u0131ndan 2015-2030 d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7in yay\u0131nlanan Sendai Afet Risk Azaltma \u00c7er\u00e7eve Eylem Plan\u0131\u2019nda \u00f6nemli hedefler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Afet t\u0131bb\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan k\u00fcresel hedefler aras\u0131nda yer alan \u00f6l\u00fcm ve yaralanma say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, etkilenen insan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, kritik tesislerin alt yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve afetlerde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir \u015fekilde fonksiyonlar\u0131na devam edebilmesi yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu hedeflerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilmesi i\u00e7in kurumsal ve akademik olarak afet t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde geli\u015fmesi beklenmektedir (2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Afet t\u0131bb\u0131 baz\u0131 temel bile\u015fenlerini \u00f6zellikle acil t\u0131p anabilim dal\u0131ndan almaktad\u0131r. Afet t\u0131bb\u0131 acil t\u0131p bilgisinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra acil t\u0131bb\u0131n teknik becerilerine de ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r. Acil t\u0131p hekimleri belirsizlik ve stresin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu i\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya yatk\u0131nd\u0131rlar (3- 4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Afet t\u0131bb\u0131 ve Acil T\u0131p becerilerinin birlikteli\u011fini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ve afet s\u0131ras\u0131nda etkili m\u00fcdahale ve yan\u0131t yapmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, ayn\u0131 zamanda afet t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 disiplinlerle birlikteli\u011fini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla \u00e7ok say\u0131da e\u011fitim programlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de isminde Afet ge\u00e7en programlar\u0131n isimleri,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Acil Durum ve Afet Y\u00f6netimi \u00d6n Lisans Program\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Acil Yard\u0131m ve Afet Y\u00f6netimi Lisans Program\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Afet Y\u00f6netimi Tezsiz YLP (Y\u00fcksek Lisans Program\u0131)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Afet Y\u00f6netimi M\u00fchendisli\u011fi Tezsiz YLP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Afet Y\u00f6netimi Tezli YLP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Afetlerde Sa\u011fl\u0131k Y\u00f6netimi Tezli YLP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Afet E\u011fitimi ve Y\u00f6netimi Tezli YLP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do\u011fal Afetlerin Riski Y\u00f6netimi Tezli YLP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Afet T\u0131bb\u0131 Doktora Program\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Afet Y\u00f6netimi Doktora Program\u0131 YLP (5)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Acil Durum ve Afet Y\u00f6netimi programlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi, Sabanc\u0131\u00dcniversitesi, \u0130stanbul Teknik \u00dcniversitesi, Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi gibi bir\u00e7ok fak\u00fclte ve \u00fcniversitenin m\u00fchendislik, i\u015fletme ve benzeri b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde bulunmaktad\u0131r (5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de afet t\u0131bb\u0131 ve hem\u015firelik ile ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmler genellikle sa\u011fl\u0131k bilimleri fak\u00fcltelerinde ve hem\u015firelik fak\u00fcltelerinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmler, afet t\u0131bb\u0131 ve hem\u015firelik konular\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan dersler ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sunmaktad\u0131r (5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Acil Durum ve Afet Y\u00f6netimi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sa\u011fl\u0131k Y\u00f6netimi ve Acil Durum Bilim ve Uygulama Merkezi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Fak\u00fcltesi, Hem\u015firelik B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hem\u015fireli\u011fi ABD<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hem\u015firelik Fak\u00fcltesi, Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hem\u015fireli\u011fi ABD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Afet programlar\u0131n\u0131n %45,5\u2019i multidisipliner bir afet e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimi yapmaktad\u0131r. Bu programlar\u0131n %66,7 sa\u011fl\u0131k, %27,3 e\u011fitim, %39,4 m\u00fchendislik alan\u0131nda bir afet e\u011fitimi ve \u00f6\u011fretimi sunar. Afet programlar\u0131n\u0131n %39,4\u2019\u00fc tehlike ve zarar azaltma, %33,3 ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemleri, %21,2\u2019si lojistik ve nakliye, %42,4\u2019\u00fc hukuk ve etik, %21,2\u2019si sivil savunma ve kentsel arama kurtarma, %27,3\u2019\u00fc halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekirdek disiplinlerinde e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim yapmaktad\u0131r (5). Afet y\u00f6netiminde, farkl\u0131 disiplinler aras\u0131ndaki koordinasyon ve i\u015f birli\u011fini art\u0131rarak t\u00fcm bireylerden maksimum yarar\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. Bu nedenle t\u00fcm uzmanlardan kendi disiplinleri \u00f6zelinde standart bir akredite edilmi\u015f m\u00fcfredat ile e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimi almalar\u0131 beklenmektedir (5). D\u00fcnya genelinde \u00f6zellikle son 20 y\u0131lda afet alan\u0131nda ciddi geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fan\u0131rken, artan arama kurtarma ekiplerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra standart bir t\u0131bb\u0131 bak\u0131m yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n hedef olarak belirlenip sahaya yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avrupa ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu bir\u00e7ok \u00fcniversitede doktora veya y\u00fcksek lisans olarak Afet T\u0131bb\u0131 e\u011fitimi veren kurum bulunurken, Amerika\u2019da Acil t\u0131p uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n liderlik etti\u011fi uzmanl\u0131k sonras\u0131 1 ile 3 y\u0131l aras\u0131nda s\u00fcren yan dal e\u011fitimi olarak verilmektedir (6). Amerikan Acil t\u0131p doktorlar\u0131 Birli\u011fi\u2019ne (ACEP) g\u00f6re 17 acil t\u0131p program\u0131 afet t\u0131bb\u0131 yan dal e\u011fitimi vermektedir. Bu programlarda 1 y\u0131l afet t\u0131bb\u0131 e\u011fitimi, 2 y\u0131ll\u0131k programlarda hastane \u00f6ncesi acil sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri (<strong>EMS<\/strong>) e\u011fitimi beraber verilmektedir.&nbsp; 3 y\u0131l\u0131k programlar, Halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek lisans\u0131 (<strong>MPH<\/strong>) eklenerek al\u0131nabilmektedir. T\u00fcm bu programlara kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in Amerikan Acil T\u0131p Yeterlilik belgesini (<strong>ABEM<\/strong>) alm\u0131\u015f olmak gerekmektedir. Acil T\u0131p Uzmanlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da afet t\u0131bb\u0131 doktora ve e\u011fitim programlar\u0131 mevcuttur (6).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fanan afetler ve zararlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda afet t\u0131bb\u0131 i\u00e7in yan dal\u0131n gereklili\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u0131k tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan konular aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de afet e\u011fitimi ve \u00f6\u011fretimi yapan programlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funda, yeterlili\u011fe dayal\u0131 bir m\u00fcfredat tasar\u0131m\u0131 ile tehlike ve zarar azaltma ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemleri \u00e7ekirdek disiplinleri alt\u0131nda bir e\u011fitim programlar\u0131 olsa da gerekli m\u00fcfredat standardizasyonun konusunda endi\u015feler mevcuttur. Afet t\u0131bb\u0131 \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda toplanan dernek ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n bir bakanl\u0131k \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ayn\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131na toplanmas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok kurulu\u015fun ayr\u0131 hiyerar\u015fi ile hareket etmesini \u00f6nceleyerek afet e\u011fitiminde ve y\u00f6netiminde gerekli olan b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir yakla\u015f\u0131m ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilir. Temel ya\u015fam deste\u011fine, ilk yard\u0131ma benzer \u015fekilde afet t\u0131bb\u0131 alan\u0131nda toplum kampanyalarla kamu fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim d\u00fczeyinde bir\u00e7ok meslek grubunun e\u011fitiminde afet t\u0131bb\u0131 bilim dal\u0131n\u0131 entegre edebilerek afetler sonras\u0131nda cevap a\u015famas\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok meslek grubunun profesyonel ve etkin g\u00f6rev almas\u0131 sa\u011flanabilir. Bunun yan\u0131nda Y\u00fcksek \u00d6\u011fretim Kurulu\u2019nun ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcm ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131, meslek dernekleri ve mezunlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 platformda bulu\u015ftu\u011fu bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015ftay organize edilerek; programlar\u0131n e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim m\u00fcfredatlar\u0131 standart hale getirilebilir ve akreditasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131labilir (5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dclkemizin fay hatlar\u0131 ve jeopolitik konumu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde co\u011frafi ve sosyal olarak afetler i\u00e7in risk hatlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Bu nedenle afet e\u011fitimlerinin merkezi koordine olacak \u015fekilde enstit\u00fcle\u015fmesi, profesyonel arama kurtarma, medikal arama kurtarma, lojistik birimlerinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in afetin t\u00fcm bile\u015fenlerini kapsay\u0131c\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00fclkemizin afet dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>KAYNAKLAR:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1-Burkle FM Jr, Greenough PG. Impact of public health emergencies on modern disaster taxonomy, planning, and response. Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness 2008; 2: 192\u2010199.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2-The Science of Disaster Medicine: From Response to Risk Reduction, Huseyin KOCAK, Kerem KINIK, Cuneyt CALISKAN, Kurtulus ACIKSARI, DOI: 10.4274\/MMJ.galenos.2021.50375 Medeni Med J<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3- SAEM Disaster Medicine White Paper Subcommittee. Disaster Medicine: Current Assessment and Blueprint for the Future. Acad Emerg Med 1995; 2: 1068\u20101076.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4- Lennquist S. Education and training in disaster medicine. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 94: 300\u2013310, 2005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5- Hastane \u00d6ncesi Dergisi, HOD, EK\u0130M 2018, 3(2):131-139, Mehmet KOZYEL C\u00fcneyt \u00c7ALI\u015eKAN, H\u00fcseyin KO\u00c7AK, Bekta\u015f SARI<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6- Recep Dursun 2022, TATD Afet Komisyonu Yaz\u0131 Dizisi<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Afet t\u0131bb\u0131, afetlerden etkilenen toplumun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 etkileri \u00f6nlemek ve azaltmak i\u00e7in afet \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde afet risk y\u00f6netimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3252,"featured_media":1642,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"yes","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10043,10014],"tags":[10053,10129,10045,10054],"class_list":["post-1640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-afet-yazi-dizisi","category-akademik-blog-yazisi","tag-afet-tibbi","tag-egitim","tag-turkiye","tag-yan-dal"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1640","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3252"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1640"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1640\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1642"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1640"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1640"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}