{"id":1628,"date":"2024-11-15T08:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-15T05:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/?p=1628"},"modified":"2025-02-04T14:03:40","modified_gmt":"2025-02-04T11:03:40","slug":"iklim-degisikliginin-acil-servis-uzerine-etkileri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/afet-yazi-dizisi\/iklim-degisikliginin-acil-servis-uzerine-etkileri\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130klim\u00a0De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin\u00a0Acil Servis\u00a0\u00dczerine\u00a0Etkileri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Jonathan, sabah g\u00f6zlerini a\u00e7ar a\u00e7maz y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc yakan kavurucu g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissetti. G\u00fcne\u015fin alt\u0131nda bir sabaha uyanmayal\u0131 uzun zaman olmu\u015ftu ve do\u011frusu, bunu \u00f6zledi\u011fi de pek s\u00f6ylenemezdi. Art\u0131k geceleri -60\u00b0C\u2019ye kadar d\u00fc\u015fen so\u011fuklardan koruyan y\u00fcksek izolasyonlu k\u0131yafetleri ve hidrojen enerjili \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131. Ancak \u00f6n\u00fcnde uzanan 6 ayl\u0131k 70\u00b0C\u2019yi bulacak kavurucu s\u0131caklarda, ultraviyole koruyucular i\u00e7inde terlememeyi ba\u015faramayacakt\u0131. Su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle du\u015f yasa\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131 ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck 700 ml i\u00e7me suyu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck\u00e7e moralini toparlamakta zorlan\u0131yordu. \u00c7ay ve kahve? Onlar\u0131 en son ne zaman i\u00e7ti\u011fini bile unutmu\u015ftu, su i\u00e7eren t\u00fcm i\u00e7eceklerin yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden tam 12 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Uyku pod\u2019unun kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131rken i\u00e7ini bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 kaplad\u0131: “Dehidratasyon salg\u0131n\u0131 kap\u0131da” diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. “Acildeki son rahat n\u00f6betlerimiz olabilir.” Terc\u00fcman ekibinin bug\u00fcn en az\u0131ndan zaman\u0131nda i\u015fba\u015f\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 diledi; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlarca farkl\u0131 dilin yank\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131 bir acil serviste zorlu bir n\u00f6bet onu bekliyordu.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n

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Bir\u00e7o\u011fumuz i\u00e7in iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin acil servisler \u00fczerindeki etkileri, yukar\u0131daki k\u0131sa hikayede anlat\u0131lan senaryo kadar uzak g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. Peki ger\u00e7ekten bu etkiler o kadar da uzak m\u0131, yoksa yak\u0131nda g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline mi gelecek? Gelin, bu sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 birlikte inceleyelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ncelikle konuyu anlamak i\u00e7in terminolojiye ve tarihsel geli\u015fimine k\u0131saca g\u00f6z atal\u0131m. \u201cK\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma<\/em>\u201d terimi, ilk kez 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda Columbia \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde Amerikal\u0131 jeokimyac\u0131 Wallace Smith Broecker taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f1<\/sup>. Bu kavram, \u201cinsan faaliyetleri sonucu atmosfere yay\u0131lan gazlar\u0131n sera etkisi yaratarak d\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 art\u0131rmas\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131na geliyor.2<\/sup> \u201c\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi<\/em>\u201d ise 1980\u2019lerde giderek daha s\u0131k kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f. Bu terim, yaln\u0131zca s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini de\u011fil, deniz seviyesindeki art\u0131\u015f gibi insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkileyen di\u011fer \u00e7evresel de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri de kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle tercih ediliyor. \u201c\u0130klim krizi<\/em>\u201d ifadesi ise 2009\u2019dan itibaren bilimsel makalelerde yer almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Son y\u0131llarda ise \u00f6zellikle Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler gibi kurulu\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan, acil \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ve eylem gerektiren bir durumun \u00f6nemini vurgulamak amac\u0131yla s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lmakta.3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde 50 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir kavram gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine dair ilk bilimsel kan\u0131t 1938’de Guy Callendar taraf\u0131ndan sunulmu\u015ftur.4<\/sup>\u00a0Callendar, son 50 y\u0131lda yery\u00fcz\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 0.3\u00b0C artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dolayl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle ispatlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1967’de ise Syukuro Manabe ve Richard Wetherald, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk iklim modellemesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir; bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, 2021’de Syukuro Manabe’ye Nobel Fizik \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.5<\/sup>\u00a0Hatta 1896\u2019da \u0130sve\u00e7li bilim insan\u0131 Svante Arrhenius’un atmosferdeki karbon dioksitin yery\u00fcz\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilece\u011fine dair \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi konusunun k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir akademik ve sosyal ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip oldu\u011fu daha net ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde ise bu konuya olan ilgi giderek artmaktad\u0131r. 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n ad\u0131 \u201c\u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi ile \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur.6,7<\/sup> Daha \u00f6nce farkl\u0131 kurumlar alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 tek \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftiren ba\u015fkanl\u0131k, \u00fclkemizin bu alandaki \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 koordine etmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcnyesindeki \u00c7evre Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve \u00c7evresel Etkileri \u0130zleme Birimi ile bu s\u00fcrece katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaya devam etmektedir.8<\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine dair artan kan\u0131tlara ra\u011fmen, iklim krizini ink\u00e2r edenlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 artmakta oldu\u011funu g\u00f6zlemliyoruz. Bu tav\u0131r; 1970’lerde b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol \u015firketlerinin, t\u0131pk\u0131 t\u00fct\u00fcn firmalar\u0131n\u0131n sigaran\u0131n zararlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan bilimsel makalelere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yay\u0131mlamas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131 ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 devam ediyor. Ancak bu ink\u00e2rc\u0131l\u0131k; 1990’larda \u201c\u015f\u00fcphecilik\u201d olarak an\u0131lan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131ktan, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerikan sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u201c\u015e\u00fcpheci Soru\u015fturma Komitesi\u201dnin bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin \u201c\u015f\u00fcphecilik\u201d de\u011fil, \u201cink\u00e2rc\u0131l\u0131k\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmesiyle daha belirgin bir kimlik kazand\u0131.9<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPeki bunlar\u0131 neden okuduk?\u201d diye soranlar i\u00e7in k\u0131sa bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapay\u0131m. Kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuz tehdit yaln\u0131zca yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u015fi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bizi de etkileyecek; i\u015fimizi zorla\u015ft\u0131racak ve konu hakk\u0131nda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmayan, internetten okuduklar\u0131yla \u201cbu konuda \u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d iddia eden ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ele\u015ftirilece\u011fiz. (Pandemiden tan\u0131d\u0131k geldi mi?<\/em>) Peki, bu iklim krizinin etkileri neler olacak? Ger\u00e7ekten merak ediyor musunuz? \u0130klim krizi etkilerini g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in hemen t\u0131klay\u0131n. \u0130klim krizi<\/em><\/u><\/em> \u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ink\u00e2rc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da bu y\u00f6ntemle geride b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re, yaz\u0131m\u0131za kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerden devam edelim.)<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi; insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha \u00f6nce kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00fcresel boyutta bir fenomen olarak neredeyse t\u00fcm sekt\u00f6rlerde hen\u00fcz tam olarak kestirilemeyen etkiler yaratacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu sekt\u00f6rlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda ise sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc geliyor. Acil servislerde ge\u00e7irdi\u011fim 11 y\u0131l boyunca \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fim tek bir \u015fey varsa, o da Afrika’da kanat \u00e7\u0131rpan bir kelebe\u011fin bile bizim acil servis ba\u015fvurular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 etkileyebilece\u011fidir. Yine de, bilim \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda acil servis projeksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, 2030 ve 2050 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda her y\u0131l \u0131s\u0131 stresi, maln\u00fctrisyon, s\u0131tma ve ishal kaynakl\u0131 250.000 ek \u00f6l\u00fcm bekledi\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Bu say\u0131 abart\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir; ancak yaln\u0131zca 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere’de s\u0131cakl\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 2.985 ek \u00f6l\u00fcm bildirildi\u011fi ak\u0131lda tutulmal\u0131.10<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin; kardiyovask\u00fcler (bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda en s\u0131k \u00f6l\u00fcm nedeni ve \u00f6nemli bir acil ba\u015fvuru sebebi<\/em>), solunum (hava kirlili\u011finde art\u0131\u015f, hava durumu de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131<\/em>), gastrointestinal (su kalitesi ve g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sorunlar\u0131yla ili\u015fkili ishal hastal\u0131klar\u0131<\/em>) ve vekt\u00f6r kaynakl\u0131 (artan s\u0131cakl\u0131klarla birlikte kene ve sivrisinek say\u0131s\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f<\/em>) etkileri, sa\u011fl\u0131kla ilgili bilgilerimizi, epidemiyolojik verilerimizi ve al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yeniden \u015fekillendirecek.11<\/sup> Sa\u011fl\u0131k sisteminin hem bel kemi\u011fi hem de en hassas noktas\u0131 olan acil servisler, bu de\u011fi\u015fimlerden en yo\u011fun etkilenecek alanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda artan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n ve ekstrem hava ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n travma kaynakl\u0131 acil ba\u015fvurularda art\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7mas\u0131, iklim krizinin mental etkileri (g\u00fcne\u015fe ate\u015f eden Adanal\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi<\/em>) ile n\u00f6rolojik, endokrin, dermatolojik, renal ve \u00fcrogenital sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00fczerindeki etkileri de acil servis ba\u015fvuru say\u0131s\u0131nda ve epidemiyolojisinde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yaratacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prof. Dr. Ne\u015fe \u00c7olak Oray ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cak dalgalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda acil servislerde mortalitenin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bulunsa da, bilim bize \u201ckorelasyon nedensellik g\u00f6stermez\u201d der.12,13<\/sup> Nas\u0131l ki \u201cCovid a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndan sonra gen\u00e7lerde kalp krizi artt\u0131\u201d iddias\u0131na korelasyon \u00fczerinden cevap vermek yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131ysa, ilerleyen y\u0131llarda da \u201cacilde \u00f6l\u00fcmler artt\u0131, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmaya \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmal\u0131\u201d demenin ayn\u0131 zorlukla kar\u015f\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evet, acil servislerin giderek daha yo\u011fun hale gelece\u011fini tahmin etmek zor de\u011fil (zaten k\u0131demlilerimizin \u201cbiz eskiden 23:30\u2019da ye\u015fil alan\u0131 kapat\u0131rd\u0131k\u201d an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, sabaha kar\u015f\u0131 04:00\u2019te s\u0131rada bekleyen ye\u015fil hastalar\u0131n\u0131 bitirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken dinleyen bir nesiliz<\/em>). Peki, afetler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda durum nas\u0131l?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin s\u0131cak dalgalar\u0131, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, seller, tropik f\u0131rt\u0131nalar ve hortumlar gibi do\u011fal olaylar\u0131 daha s\u0131k insani krizlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesi bekleniyor. \u015eimdi bu olaylar\u0131 biraz detayland\u0131ral\u0131m ve son y\u0131llarda neler ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131na bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.14<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orman Yang\u0131nlar\u0131<\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin s\u0131cak ve kurak hava ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rarak yang\u0131nlar\u0131n hem ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 hem de yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 bekleniyor. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n boyutunun, s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve ciddiyetinin artaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Nitekim, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde bu art\u0131\u015flar \u015fimdiden g\u00f6zlemlenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 2020, 2021 ve 2023 y\u0131llar\u0131, s\u0131ras\u0131yla en fazla k\u00fcresel orman yang\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fanan 4., 3. ve 1. y\u0131llar olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7ti. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 milyon hektar ormanl\u0131k alan\u0131n (Nikaragua b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir alan) yand\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edildi; bu, daha \u00f6nceki rekordan yakla\u015f\u0131k %24 daha fazla bir alan anlam\u0131na geliyor.15<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de durum farkl\u0131 de\u011fil. 1997-2011 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u0131lda ortalama 2000 orman yang\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, 2012-2022 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bu say\u0131 ortalama 2600’e y\u00fckseldi. Ancak daha \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 olan, yanan alan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: 1997-2011 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u0131lda ortalama 9000 hektar ormanl\u0131k alan yanarken, 2012-2022 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bu ortalama 21700 hektara \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.16<\/sup> 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 15520 hektar alan yand\u0131; bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f belki de bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli noktas\u0131d\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lamasa da, insanlara olan etkilerini azaltmak i\u00e7in al\u0131nabilecek k\u0131sa ve uzun vadeli \u00f6nlemler bulunmakta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seller<\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sellerden en \u00e7ok etkilenen \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda Somali, \u00c7in, Filipinler, Pakistan, Kenya, Etiyopya, Hindistan, Brezilya, Banglade\u015f ve Malezya \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.17<\/sup> K\u00fcresel \u0130\u00e7 G\u00f6\u00e7 Veritaban\u0131’na (Global Internal Displacement Database – IDMC) g\u00f6re; seller nedeniyle evlerinden ayr\u0131lmak zorunda kalan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda 3.5 milyon iken, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu say\u0131 7.9 milyona y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir.18<\/sup> 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda sellerden en \u00e7ok etkilenen \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fanan sel say\u0131s\u0131 24 iken, 2023’te bu say\u0131 656\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise bug\u00fcne kadar durum nispeten daha kontroll\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnmekteydi. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan bir habere g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de son 39 y\u0131lda 1242 ki\u015fi sel nedeniyle ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir.19<\/sup> AFAD verilerine g\u00f6re 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fa kaynakl\u0131 905 olay\u0131n 177\u2019si, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan 22982 olay\u0131n 450\u2019si, ve 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan 5233 olay\u0131n 2028’i sel veya su bask\u0131n\u0131 olarak kaydedilmi\u015ftir.20<\/sup> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de son y\u0131llarda sel felaketleri bas\u0131nda daha s\u0131k yer almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Meteoroloji Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne g\u00f6re 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra haziran aylar\u0131nda ya\u011f\u0131\u015f %65 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.21<\/sup> Bu durumda, \u00fclkemizin \u201csel tehdidi alt\u0131nda\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evet, g\u00fclerken bir anda yaz\u0131n\u0131n tonu ciddile\u015fti. Hani iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkilerini torunlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n torunlar\u0131 kaps\u00fcl g\u0131dalarla beslenirken konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flayacakt\u0131k? Konu ne ara 2023 Ad\u0131yaman \u2013 \u015eanl\u0131urfa sel felaketine geldi? Neyse, bizden uzak afetlerden bahsedelim de rahatlayal\u0131m; nas\u0131l olsa bir s\u00fcre sonra unutup yokmu\u015f gibi davranaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hortumlar<\/strong><\/u><\/strong> <\/strong>(Tornado)<\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kas\u0131rgalar, \u0131l\u0131k okyanus sular\u0131 etraf\u0131nda olu\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck ve yo\u011fun f\u0131rt\u0131nalard\u0131r; bu y\u00fczden \u00fclkemizde g\u00f6r\u00fclme ihtimali terminolojik olarak olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bat\u0131 Pasifik Okyanusu’nda meydana gelenler \u201ctayfun,\u201d G\u00fcney Pasifik ve Hint Okyanusu’nda olanlar ise \u201csiklon\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. ABD’de iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle okyanus ve atmosfer s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla birlikte deniz seviyeleri y\u00fckselmekte. Bu durum ise ilerleyen y\u0131llarda daha s\u0131k, yo\u011fun ve uzun s\u00fcren kas\u0131rgalar ya\u015fanmas\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kas\u0131rgalar<\/strong><\/u><\/strong> <\/strong>(Hurricane)<\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kas\u0131rgalar, bir f\u0131rt\u0131nadan D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyine do\u011fru h\u0131zla d\u00f6nen bir hava s\u00fctunu olarak meydana gelir ve s\u0131kl\u0131kla Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131nda g\u00f6zlemlenir. Genellikle s\u0131cak okyanus sular\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, Avrupa’da nadiren g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile Avrupa\u2019da kas\u0131rga s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artabilece\u011fi \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclse de, mevcut ko\u015fullar nedeniyle bu b\u00f6lgenin odak noktas\u0131 olmaktan uzak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. (Genel \u00f6neriler, kas\u0131rga b\u00f6lgelerinde bina yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklarda bulunulmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde olsa da; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de deprem ger\u00e7e\u011fi varken kas\u0131rgadan korkup binas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek birilerinin olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sanm\u0131yorum<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NE YAPAB\u0130L\u0130R\u0130Z?<\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Her ne kadar ba\u015fl\u0131k, bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapacakm\u0131\u015f\u0131m gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, maalesef bu sorunun net bir cevab\u0131 bende de yok. Elbette k\u0131dem s\u0131nav\u0131nda tak\u0131lan heyecanl\u0131 bir asistan gibi “g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7emberine al\u0131r\u0131m” demek istiyorum; “haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmal\u0131y\u0131z” diyorum ama “nas\u0131l” diye sorulmas\u0131ndan da \u00e7ekiniyorum. Belki de iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131n siyasi d\u00fczeyde yeterince destek bulamamas\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerinden biri bu belirsizlik. \u015eu anda, “\u0130klim Krizi” diyenlerin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda t\u00fcm liderler b\u00fct\u00e7eler a\u00e7arak bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, fakat yap\u0131lan kampanyalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu h\u00e2l\u00e2 sadece \u201cfark\u0131ndal\u0131k art\u0131rma\u201d seviyesinde kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Benim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme g\u00f6re, acil t\u0131p hekimleri olarak iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkilerini toplumun di\u011fer kesimlerinden daha yo\u011fun g\u00f6rece\u011fiz; ancak bu etkileri azaltma sorumlulu\u011fumuz di\u011fer meslek gruplar\u0131ndan fazla olmayacak. Bu konuda American College of Emergency Medicine (ACEM) ile fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yorum. ACEM, Acil T\u0131p Kliniklerinin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011fi\u015fim yaratmada ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemi i\u00e7indeki \u00e7evresel s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmede \u00f6nemli bir rol oynayabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u00d6rnek te\u015fkil ederek meslekta\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 benimsemeye te\u015fvik edebilece\u011fimizi, karar mekanizmalar\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc destekleyebilece\u011fimizi savunuyorlar.22<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yar\u0131n, daha k\u00f6t\u00fc sonu\u00e7lanma ihtimali olan hastal\u0131klarla daha s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131z ve afetlerle daha yo\u011fun bir etkile\u015fim i\u00e7inde olaca\u011f\u0131z. E\u011fer haz\u0131rlanabilece\u011fimiz bir \u015fey varsa, \u00f6ncelikle bu fikre zihinsel olarak haz\u0131rlanmam\u0131z gerekiyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Not: Kaynak\u00e7a i\u00e7in akademik kurallara dikkat edilmemi\u015f, konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yaz\u0131n\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131labilir linki payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Wallace Broecker, Prophet of Climate Change – https:\/\/news.climate.columbia.edu\/2019\/02\/19\/wallace-broecker-early-prophet-of-climate-change\/<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. What is Global Warming – https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/climate-change\/what-is-climate-change\/<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. The Climate Dictionary: An everyday guide to climate change – https:\/\/climatepromise.undp.org\/news-and-stories\/climate-dictionary-everyday-guide-climate-change<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. A brief history of climate change – https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-15874560<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. The most influential climate change papers of all times – https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/the-most-influential-climate-change-papers-of-all-time\/<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. \u00c7EVRE, \u015eEH\u0130RC\u0130L\u0130K ve \u0130KL\u0130M DE\u011e\u0130\u015e\u0130KL\u0130\u011e\u0130 BAKANLI\u011eI ‘ NIN TAR\u0130H\u00c7ES\u0130 – https:\/\/csb.gov.tr\/tarihcemiz-i-7012<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 – https:\/\/iklim.gov.tr\/hakkimizda-i-4<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve \u00c7evresel Etkileri \u0130zleme Birimi – https:\/\/hsgm.saglik.gov.tr\/tr\/birimler-cevresagligi\/iklim-degisikligi-cevresel-etkileri-izleme-birimi.html<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. Deniers are not Skeptics – https:\/\/centerforinquiry.org\/news\/deniers_are_not_skeptics\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. World Health Organization. World Health Organization. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/climate-change#tab=tab_1<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Impact of climate change in emergency medicine: a narrative review – https:\/\/jphe.amegroups.org\/article\/view\/10131\/html<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. The impact of a heat wave on mortality in the emergency department – https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/md-journal\/fulltext\/2018\/12280\/the_impact_of_a_heat_wave_on_mortality_in_the.50.aspx<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. Causal implicatures from correlational statements – https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0286067<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. The implications of climate change for emergency planning – https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2212420922006446<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. The Latest Data Confirms: Forest Fires Are Getting Worse – https:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/global-trends-forest-fires#:~:text=Record%2Dsetting%20forest%20fires%20are,previous%20record%20by%20about%2024%25.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16. \u0130nsan Fakt\u00f6r\u00fc ve \u0130klim Krizi Bir Araya Gelince: Orman Yang\u0131nlar\u0131 – https:\/\/ipa.istanbul\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/KENT-GUNDEMI-ORMAN-YANGINLARI-1.pdf<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17. In ten worst-hit countries, increasing floods and drought have forced people to flee 8 million times last year \u2013 over twice that of a decade ago – https:\/\/www.oxfam.org\/en\/press-releases\/ten-worst-hit-countries-increasing-floods-and-drought-have-forced-people-flee-8#:~:text=Climate%20change%20has%20increased%20the,2013%2C%20to%20656%20last%20year<\/u><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18. 2023 Global Report on Internal Displacement – https:\/\/www.internal-displacement.org\/global-report\/grid2023\/<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  19. T\u00fcrkiye’de 39 y\u0131lda bin 242 ki\u015fi sele kurban gitti – https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/tr\/turkiye\/turkiyede-39-yilda-bin-242-kisi-sele-kurban-gitti\/1561215<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  20. Afet \u0130statistikleri – https:\/\/www.afad.gov.tr\/afet-istatistikleri<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  21. T\u00fcrkiye’de seller neden en \u00e7ok Haziran ay\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor? – https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\/haberler-dunya-65854046#:~:text=%22Ani%20sellerse%20havalar%C4%B1n%20%C4%B1s%C4%B1nd%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1%2C%20ilkbahar%C4%B1n,y%C3%BCzeylerin%20oldu%C4%9Fu%20yerler%20yani%20kentler<\/u><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  22. Climate Change and Emergency Medicine – https:\/\/acem.org.au\/Content-Sources\/Advancing-Emergency-Medicine\/Better-Outcomes-for-Patients\/Climate-Change-and-Emergency-Medicine<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Jonathan, sabah g\u00f6zlerini a\u00e7ar a\u00e7maz y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc yakan kavurucu g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissetti. G\u00fcne\u015fin alt\u0131nda bir sabaha uyanmayal\u0131 uzun zaman olmu\u015ftu ve do\u011frusu, bunu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1128,"featured_media":1630,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10043],"tags":[10126,10055,10059,10053,10079,10128],"class_list":["post-1628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-afet-yazi-dizisi","tag-acil-servis","tag-acil-tip","tag-afet","tag-afet-tibbi","tag-afet-yonetimi","tag-iklim-degisiklikleri"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1628","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1128"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1628"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1628\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1630"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1628"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1628"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}