{"id":1605,"date":"2024-10-17T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/?p=1605"},"modified":"2025-02-04T14:03:50","modified_gmt":"2025-02-04T11:03:50","slug":"gelecekte-beklenen-afetler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/afet-yazi-dizisi\/gelecekte-beklenen-afetler\/","title":{"rendered":"Gelecekte Beklenen Afetler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00c7ok eski zamanlardan beri insanlar afetleri, gezegenlerin, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n hareketleri ile ili\u015fkilendirerek y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc bir pozisyonda ise \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015fey; afet<\/em> olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaktayd\u0131lar. Daha sonralar\u0131 afetleri, toplumun ba\u015f etme kapasitesinin yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fa, teknoloji veya insan kaynakl\u0131 olaylar olarak tariflemi\u015flerdir. Son zamanlarda ise asl\u0131nda do\u011fal afetler yerine do\u011fal tehlike<\/em> teriminin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n daha uygun olaca\u011f\u0131, bu do\u011fal tehlikenin afete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinin nedeni ise \u00f6nlemlerini almayan veya alamayan insan nedenli oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Bu durumda afetlerin sebebinin insan kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcresel felaket riski, k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte insan refah\u0131na zarar verebilecek, hatta modern uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehlikeye atabilecek veya insan neslinin yok olmas\u0131na neden olabilecek veya insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n potansiyelini kal\u0131c\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltabilecek -yok edebilecek olaylard\u0131r. Olas\u0131 k\u00fcresel felaket riskleri, insanlar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu teknolojik riskler, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 yapay zeka, biyoteknoloji veya nanoteknolojinin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131, n\u00fckleer soyk\u0131r\u0131m, geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f organizmalar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan biyoter\u00f6rizm, elektrik \u015febekesi gibi kritik altyap\u0131y\u0131 tahrip eden siber ter\u00f6rizm, do\u011fal bir pandemiyi y\u00f6netememe, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma, t\u00fcrlerin neslinin t\u00fckenmesi de d\u00e2hil \u00e7evresel bozulma, e\u015fit olmayan kaynak da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak k\u0131tl\u0131k, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 insan n\u00fcfusu, mahsul k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olmayan tar\u0131m say\u0131labilir. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Gelece\u011fi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fcn ev sahipli\u011finde d\u00fczenlenen bir konferansta uzmanlarla yap\u0131lan resm\u00ee olmayan bir ankette, 2100 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yok olma riskinin %19 oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Nedenler aras\u0131nda ise en s\u0131k sebep olarak teknolojik nedenler g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn milyarlarca ki\u015finin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 internet 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda bilgi payla\u015fmak amac\u0131 ile kurulmu\u015ftur. \u0130lerleyen zamanlarda internetin bu denli yayg\u0131nla\u015faca\u011f\u0131 beklenmedi\u011finden ve insanlar\u0131n sisteme zarar verebilecekleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmedi\u011finden g\u00fcvenlik geri planda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Teknolojik geli\u015fmeye paralel olarak k\u00fcreselle\u015fme ve getirdi\u011fi i\u015f kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bu ge\u00e7i\u015f h\u0131zlanarak internet d\u00fcnyas\u0131 dedi\u011fimiz yeni g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen sanal bir k\u0131ta ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece k\u00fcreselle\u015fme h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015f, \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, rekabet ortam\u0131 \u015fiddetlenmi\u015f, b\u00f6lgesel grupla\u015fmalar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in \u00fclkelerin fiziksel alan d\u00e2hil t\u00fcm etki alanlar\u0131 siber alandaki yetkinliklerine g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilgi toplumuna h\u0131zl\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci ile birlikte, zararl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n oran\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015f meydana gelmi\u015f; \u00fclkelerin kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131 siber sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n hedefi olmu\u015ftur. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck giri\u015f maliyeti, anonimlik ve tehdit eden co\u011frafi alan\u0131n belirsizli\u011fi siber uzay\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmetler i\u00e7in yeni g\u00fcvenlik sorunu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Kamunun siber uzayda etkinli\u011finin fazla olamamas\u0131 siber afet tehdidini art\u0131ran nedenlerdir. Siber sald\u0131r\u0131lar; fiziksel sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaya, uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde \u00fclkenin imaj\u0131na y\u00f6nelik y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 hasara, \u00fclkenin siyasi ve ekonomik ili\u015fkilerinde hasara, kapsaml\u0131 insan kay\u0131plar\u0131 veya halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik tehlikeye, i\u00e7 kaosa, kamu g\u00fcvenini veya dini, ulusal ve etnik inan\u00e7lar\u0131 yok etmeye, ulusal ekonomiye ciddi zararlara, ulusal siber varl\u0131klar\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131n kapsaml\u0131 \u015fekilde yok edilmesi veya bozulmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siber sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlardan biri de sava\u015flard\u0131r. 18 May\u0131s 2007 Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Estonya\u2019ya tarihin ilk siber sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek haberle\u015fme, bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve b\u00fcrokrasisini 13 g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle kullan\u0131lamaz h\u00e2le getirmesidir. \u015eu an devam etmekte olan Rusya ile Ukrayna aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015fta da Rusya, Ukrayna topraklar\u0131na hareketi ba\u015flatmadan \u00f6nce siber sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek savunma sistemlerinin ge\u00e7ici olarak etkisiz hale gelmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131na do\u011fru gidi\u015fin oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bug\u00fcnlerde, \u0130srail\u2019in yeni istihbarat operasyonu: Pager ve Walkie-Talkie sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 bir siber sava\u015f \u00f6rne\u011fidir. L\u00fcbnan\u2019da Hizbullah \u00fcyelerinin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 pager\u2019lar\u0131n 17 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc, walkie-talkie cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n ise 18 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de patlamas\u0131n\u0131n bilan\u00e7osu 37 \u00f6l\u00fc ve 3000\u2019e yak\u0131n yaral\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Microsoft’a siber g\u00fcvenlik yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flayan CrowdStrike’in sistemlerine 19.07.2024\u2019de yap\u0131lan siber sald\u0131r\u0131 nedeni ile d\u00fcnya genelinde ABD merkezli hava yolu \u015firketleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u015firketler, havalimanlar\u0131, bankalar, baz\u0131 medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve Londra Borsas\u0131’nda sistemlerindeki sorun nedeniyle teknik aksakl\u0131klar\u0131n ya\u015fanmas\u0131na neden oldu. CrowdStrike yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na olan siber sald\u0131r\u0131 sonras\u0131 d\u00fcnya genelinde hava, kara ve demiryolu ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda aksakl\u0131klar ya\u015fand\u0131. \u0130ngiltere’deki sa\u011fl\u0131k oca\u011f\u0131 randevu sistemleri Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k Sistemi’nden (NHS) yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada, randevu ve hasta kay\u0131t sistemlerinin etkilendi\u011fi, i\u015flemlerin elle yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Hollanda’n\u0131n Achterhoek b\u00f6lgesindeki Slingeland Hastanesinin internet sayfas\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan mesajda, k\u00fcresel yaz\u0131l\u0131m sorunu nedeniyle yerel saatle 11.30’a kadar, \u00e7ok acil hastalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, hizmet verilmeyece\u011fi, ayakta tedavi hizmetlerinin iptal edildi\u011fi ve yeni hasta kabul edilmeyece\u011fi belirtildi\u011fi \u00f6rneklerde oldu\u011fu gibi sa\u011fl\u0131k eri\u015fimleri ile ilgili sorunlar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden oldu. Bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve bas\u0131n sekt\u00f6r\u00fc de olumsuz etkilendi. Buradaki \u00f6rneklemelerden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi yap\u0131lan siber sald\u0131r\u0131 nedeni ile hayat\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n etkilenerek kriz ve kaosun olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00fcnyan\u0131n var olu\u015fundan bu yana iklimin de\u011fi\u015fiyor olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde insan faaliyetleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla olduk\u00e7a h\u0131zl\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. H\u00fck\u00fbmetler aras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Paneli (IPCC) 5. De\u011ferlendirme Raporu da k\u00fcresel ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131klardaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n end\u00fcstri \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemden itibaren fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, sanayile\u015fme, n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131, kentle\u015fme, arazilerin ama\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleri, ormans\u0131zla\u015fma, \u00e7imento \u00fcretimi ve at\u0131klar nedeniyle karbondioksit (CO2<\/sub>), metan (CH4<\/sub>), diazot monoksit (N2<\/sub>O) gibi insan kaynakl\u0131 sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n atmosferdeki yo\u011funluklar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artmas\u0131 nedenleri ile olmaktad\u0131r. K\u00fcresel \u00e7apta bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131, buzullar\u0131n erimesine neden olarak okyanuslara b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda tatl\u0131 su kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile tatl\u0131 ve tuzlu su dengesinin bozulmas\u0131 sonucu okyanus ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyerek ciddi d\u00fczeyde iklim de\u011fi\u015fimlerine, bir\u00e7ok canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yok olmas\u0131na, denizlerin ta\u015fmas\u0131na ve bir\u00e7ok ada devletinin su alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 daha da tetikleyerek k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta bir kurakl\u0131\u011fa neden olacakt\u0131r. D\u00fcnyadaki insanlar, evrendeki b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar\u0131n yaln\u0131z %0.01\u2019ini olu\u015fturmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n medeniyetlerin varolu\u015fundan bu yana insanlar\u0131n vah\u015fi memeli hayvanlar\u0131n %83\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn, deniz memelilerinin %80\u2019inin, bitkilerin %50\u2019sinin, bal\u0131klar\u0131n %15\u2019inin yok olmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2007 ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucuna g\u00f6re; d\u00fcnya s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gelecek 50 y\u0131lda 1,5o<\/sup>C ile 4o<\/sup>C aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda artt\u0131racakt\u0131r. Bu de\u011fer, g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor olabilir. Ancak 1500\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda ba\u015flay\u0131p 1800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llara kadar devam eden ve Avrupa\u2019da K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Buz \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 olarak an\u0131lan so\u011fuk d\u00f6nemde, ortalama k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc de\u011ferinin yaln\u0131zca 1o<\/sup>C alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde 12.000 y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce sona eren son buzul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda ise, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fczeyinden yaln\u0131zca 5o<\/sup>C daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 say\u0131sal olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimleri, iklim ku\u015faklar\u0131 ve canl\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fal ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekte \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck etkilere sahip olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u015fikard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\u2019a g\u00f6re, deniz seviyeleri son 25 y\u0131lda 83,5 mm y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma bu \u015fekilde devam edecek olur ise 2050 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131 ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck rak\u0131ml\u0131 yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131 ile bir\u00e7ok adan\u0131n sular alt\u0131nda kalaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. 2100 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131 ile y\u00fcksek deniz seviyesi ile bir\u00e7ok kara par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n sular alt\u0131nda kalacakt\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmetler aras\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi panelinin (Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change\/IPCC) raporuna g\u00f6re s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi ekstrem s\u0131cak g\u00fcnlerin s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ile k\u0131\u015f gece s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u015fiddetinin art\u0131\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan bir ili\u015fki bulundu\u011fu atmosfer s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 1\u00b0C artmas\u0131yla ekstrem ya\u011f\u0131\u015f toplamlar\u0131nda %7\u2019lik bir art\u0131\u015f meydana gelece\u011fi beklenmektedir. K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma nedeni ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan s\u0131cak hava dalgalar\u0131, sel, kurakl\u0131k, tayfunlar ve orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 gibi do\u011fal tehlikelerin artmas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. Bu durumda, ekosistem bozulmas\u0131na, g\u0131da ve temiz suya eri\u015fimde problemler, hastal\u0131k ve \u00f6l\u00fcmlerde art\u0131\u015f, mecburi g\u00f6\u00e7 gibi sebepler ile insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam kalitesinin azalmas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. D\u00fcnya\u2019da ya\u015fanan g\u00f6\u00e7lerin %61\u2019inin iklim kaynakl\u0131 olup, D\u00fcnya G\u00f6\u00e7 Raporu 2020’ye g\u00f6re, Haziran 2019 itibar\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 272 milyon oldu\u011fu bu say\u0131n\u0131n da 2010 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re 51 milyon daha fazla oldu\u011fu bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck depremler, tektonik hareketler ve k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma nedeni ile meydana gelen heyelanlar volkanlar\u0131n tekrar aktif h\u00e2le gelmesine neden olabilecektir. D\u00fcnya, \u00e7ekirdek, manto ve kabuk katmanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fur. \u00c7ekirdek, bu yap\u0131n\u0131n en i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer al\u0131r ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 4000 \u00b0C ila 5500 \u00b0C aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00c7ekirde\u011fin etraf\u0131nda ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 2900 kilometre kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa sahip s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve yo\u011funluk farklar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00fcrekli hareket h\u00e2linde olan manto yer al\u0131r.  Mantonun \u00fczerinde manto ile yap\u0131\u015f\u0131k olan ve ortalama 40-50 kilometre kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa sahip yer kabu\u011fu yer al\u0131r. Mantonun i\u00e7erisinde s\u0131cak-eriyik h\u00e2ldeki magma yer al\u0131r. Magma, tektonik hareketlerle k\u0131r\u0131lan yer kabu\u011fundaki bo\u015fluklardan y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kar ve kabu\u011fu delerek yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde akmaya ba\u015flatarak volkanik faaliyetleri aktifle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Volkanlar, durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re aktif, uykuda veya s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f olarak \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bir volkan son 10.000 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde faaliyet g\u00f6stermi\u015fse aktif volkan, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde aktif olmayan fakat gelecekte aktif olmas\u0131 muhtemel volkanlara uykuda volkan, gelecekte tekrar aktif h\u00e2le gelmesi beklenmeyen volkanlar s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f volkan olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde jeolojik olarak 10 civar\u0131 aktif volkan bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu aktif volkanik alanlar Ac\u0131g\u00f6l (Nev\u015fehir), A\u011fr\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131 (A\u011fr\u0131), Erciyes Da\u011f\u0131 (Kayseri), G\u00f6ll\u00fc Da\u011f\u0131 (Ni\u011fde), Hasan Da\u011f\u0131 (Aksaray-Ni\u011fde), Karaca Da\u011f (Diyarbak\u0131r), Karap\u0131nar volkanik alan\u0131 (Konya-Aksaray), Kula (Manisa), Nemrut Da\u011f\u0131 (Bitlis), Tend\u00fcrek Da\u011f\u0131 (Van-A\u011fr\u0131) \u015feklinde s\u0131ralanabilir. 6000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Hasan Da\u011f\u0131, 47000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Kula, 1840 ve 1855\u2019te A\u011fr\u0131 ve Tend\u00fcrek da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n volkanik patlamas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. A\u011fr\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131 volkanik patlamas\u0131 nedeni ile eteklerindeki Ahura K\u00f6y\u00fc yok olmu\u015f, bin 900 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015fti. Bu afetin \u00fczerinden \u00e7ok zaman ge\u00e7meden Ahura K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn eski yerine \u2018Yenido\u011fan K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019 kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n meydana gelecek olan afetlerin sorumlusunun do\u011fadan ziyade insan kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011funun ispatlar\u0131ndan biridir. \u00dclkemizde S\u00fcphan Da\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00f6lc\u00fck volkanlar\u0131 uykuda olan volkanlara, Kapadokya\u2019daki volkanik b\u00f6lge, s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f volkanlara \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gelecekte beklenen afetler i\u00e7inde siber sald\u0131r\u0131lar, mega depremler, volkanik patlamalar ve k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma nedeni ile sel, kas\u0131rga, tsunami, kurakl\u0131k, g\u00f6\u00e7, k\u0131talar\u0131n sular alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 gibi afetler ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bekledi\u011fimiz gibi dev solar patlama, d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n manyetik alan\u0131nda yer de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve g\u00f6kta\u015f\u0131 ya\u011fmuru gibi durumlar ile de kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fimizi unutmamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynaklar:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Afet Y\u00f6netimi ve T\u0131bbi uygulamalar. Temel Ba\u015fvuru Kitab\u0131. Edit\u00f6rler: SE Ero\u011flu, S Y\u0131lmaz, R Dursun, O Karakayal\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. AU \u00d6ktem. \u201cK\u00fcresel Bir Risk: \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi\u201d. Akademik \u0130ncelemeler.Cilt:3 Say\u0131:1 Y\u0131l:2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Dameff C,  Farah J,  Killeen J, Chan T. \u201cCyber Disaster Medicine: A New Frontier for Emergency Medicine\u201d. Ann Emerg Med. 2020;75:642-647.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Dedeo\u011flu HN. \u201c21. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Afetler\u201d. Piyal B,edit\u00f6r. 21. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131: De\u011fi\u015fen D\u00fcnya, De\u011fi\u015fen Sorunlar. 1. Bask\u0131. Ankara:T\u00fcrkiye Klinikleri; 2019. p.61-70.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. G G\u00f6\u00e7mengil. \u201cUyuyan Volkanlar Neden Aktifle\u015fir?\u201d. https:\/\/bilimgenc.tubitak.gov.tr\/makale\/uyuyan-volkanlar-neden-aktiflesir<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. H Yi\u011fitba\u015fo\u011flu. \u201cS\u00fcper Volkanlar ve K\u00fcresel Etkileri\u201d. Jeomorfolojik Dergiler Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131. 2018(1):80-86.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. \u201c\u0130srail\u2019in yeni istihbarat operasyonu: Pager ve Walkie-Talkie sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131\u201d.   https:\/\/fikirturu.com\/jeo-politika\/israilin-yeni-istihbarat-operasyonu\/ \u201cK\u00fcresel ‘restart’: D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda i\u015fletmeleri etkileyen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m sorunu ya\u015fan\u0131yor.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/tr\/dunya\/kuresel-restart-dunya-capinda-isletmeleri-etkileyen-buyuk-bir-yazilim-sorunu-yasaniyor\/3279453#<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Mar\u015fap, G.(2023 )Afet Y\u00f6netimi ve Kentlerde Afetler A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Geli\u015ftirilen Gelecek Odakl\u0131 Dinamik Y\u00f6netim Anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131, Journal of Environmental and Natural Studies, 5 (3), 235-246. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53472\/jenas.1389621<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. M. Demirba\u015f, R. Ayd\u0131n. \u201c21. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n En B\u00fcy\u00fck Tehdidi: K\u00fcresel \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi\u201d. Ecological Life Sciences (NWSAELS), 5A0143, 2020; 15(4):163-179.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. \u00d6kten Sipahio\u011flu, B. (2024). G\u00f6\u00e7 ve do\u011fal afet ili\u015fkisi: Deprem g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc. Akademik Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar Dergisi, 15(1)- Deprem \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131-, 292-313.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Strupczewski G.\u201d Defining cyber risk\u201d. Safety Science 135 (2021) 105143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssci.2020.105143.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. T\u00fcrk M. \u201cAcil T\u0131p \u0130\u00e7in Yeni Bir Kabus: Siber Afet\u201d. https:\/\/acilci.net\/acil-tip-icin-yeni-bir-kabus-siber-afet\/.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. ZD Aky\u00fcrek. \u201cKula ve Hasan Da\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi! Patlarsa pe\u015finden gelen deprem y\u0131kacak: ‘Tek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc var\u201d. https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/kula-ve-hasan-dagi-gercegi-patlarsa-pesinden-gelen-deprem-yikacak-tek-cozumu-var-7207053<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u00c7ok eski zamanlardan beri insanlar afetleri, gezegenlerin, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n hareketleri ile ili\u015fkilendirerek y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc bir pozisyonda ise \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015fey; afet olaca\u011f\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1562,"featured_media":1609,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10043],"tags":[10059,10053,10079,10124,10125,10062],"class_list":["post-1605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-afet-yazi-dizisi","tag-afet","tag-afet-tibbi","tag-afet-yonetimi","tag-gelecek","tag-kuresel-yazilim","tag-siber-afet"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1605","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1562"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1605"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1605\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1605"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1605"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/afet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1605"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}