{"id":2621,"date":"2022-02-17T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-17T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/aciltipbulteni\/?p=2621"},"modified":"2022-02-11T13:12:53","modified_gmt":"2022-02-11T10:12:53","slug":"mat-kanun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/aciltipbulteni\/2022\/02\/17\/mat-kanun\/","title":{"rendered":"Mat Kanun"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kanun, telli m\u0131zrapl\u0131 \u00e7alg\u0131lar ailesinden bir enstr\u00fcmand\u0131r. Etimolojik k\u00f6keninin Yunanca “kaide, kural” anlam\u0131na gelen “kanon” kelimesinden geldi\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar kanun enstr\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131n men\u015feiyle ilgili olarak pek \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk bilginlerinden Farabi (870-950) taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Antik \u00e7a\u011fda M\u0131s\u0131r ve S\u00fcmerliler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren baz\u0131 tarihi belgelerden ba\u015fka eski bir Arap rivayetine g\u00f6re de kanunu, \u0130bn-i Hallegan\u2019\u0131n icat etti\u011fi ve bu bilginin Horasanl\u0131 Bermek ailesinden olup Musul\u2019un T\u00fcrklerle meskun \u0130rbil \u015fehrinde do\u011fdu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Evliya \u00c7elebi seyahatnamesinde, kanunun me\u015fhur \u00fcstadlardan Ali \u015eah taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi\u011fini ve Revanl\u0131 Mirza Haydar Bey ile Ca\u011falazade Mustafa Bey\u2019in kanun hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 yazar. Albert Lavignac, Encyclopedi de la Musique et Dictionnarie du Conservatoire’da kanunun Arap \u00e7alg\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrer. Clement Huart, kanunu Avusturyal\u0131lar\u0131n Zither ve Macarlar\u0131n Cymbalum\u2019undan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u201cArp\u201dolarak tan\u0131mlar. \u201c\u00c7eng\u201d ad\u0131ndaki \u00e7alg\u0131n\u0131n kanun ile birlikte bulundu\u011fu ve geli\u015fti\u011fi genellikle kabul edilmi\u015ftir.

Kanun enstr\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131 II. Mahmud (1818-1839) devrinde \u015eaml\u0131 bir m\u00fbsik\u00ee\u015finas olan \u00d6mer Efendi \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirmi\u015f ve o zamandan beri bu \u00e7alg\u0131 bir\u00e7ok icrac\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. Kanuna mandallar\u0131 ilk takan icrac\u0131n\u0131n da \u00d6mer Efendi oldu\u011fu san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kanuni \u00d6mer Efendi\u2019den sonra Kanuni Hac\u0131 Arif Bey (1862-1911) devrin en b\u00fcy\u00fck virt\u00fc\u00f6z\u00fc olarak bilinir. T\u00fcrk M\u00fczi\u011fi tarihinde kanun icrac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u015f\u00f6hret kazanm\u0131\u015f \u015eemsi Bey, Ama Naz\u0131m Bey, Sar\u0131 Talat Bey, Ali Bey, Tahsin Bey, Ferit Alnar, Vecihe Daryal, Erol Deran, Ahmet Meter, Halil Karaduman, G\u00f6ksel Baktagir gibi pek \u00e7ok isim vard\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kanun, e\u011fik kenar\u0131 uzun bir yamuk \u015feklindedir. Bu \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131, tellerin boyunun ayarlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7indir. Teller g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs \u00fczerine birbirine paralel olarak \u00fc\u00e7er \u00fc\u00e7er gerilmi\u015ftir. Boyu 95-100 cm, 38-40 cm ve kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 4-6 cm aras\u0131nda, sa\u011f taraf\u0131 iki dik a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 bir yamuk \u015feklindedir. Sa\u011f tarafta teller e\u015fik denilen bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7er ve bu k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131nda rezonans\u0131 sa\u011flayan deri bulunur. Bu derilerin yap\u0131m\u0131nda o\u011flak derisi, bal\u0131k derisi veya sentetik deri kullan\u0131l\u0131r. T\u00fcrk M\u00fczi\u011fi’nde kullan\u0131lan kanun 24-27 perdeli olup her perdeye \u00fc\u00e7er tane tel tak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesaplan\u0131rsa toplam 72-81 tellidir. Bu tellerin kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Kanun i\u00e7in 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar kuzu ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kiri\u015f olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan teller kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu kiri\u015fler; petrokimyan\u0131n kurulu\u015fu sonras\u0131nda \u00fcretilmeye ba\u015flanan naylon tellerin daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmalar\u0131, daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ses vermeleri, \u00e7e\u015fitli kal\u0131nl\u0131klarda bol miktarda bulunmalar\u0131 nedeniyle tamamen terk edilmi\u015ftir. Naylon tellerin bildi\u011fimiz bal\u0131k misinalar\u0131 ile hi\u00e7bir ilgisi olmay\u0131p saf naylondan ya da %100 florokarbondan imal edilen \u00f6zel cinsleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201c\u00dc\u00e7 telden olu\u015fan her perdede diyez, bemol ve koma sesleri ayarlayabilen mandallar vard\u0131r\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akort yapmaya yarayan burgular\u0131n konuldu\u011fu sol tarafa mandallar daha sonradan eklenmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde her \u00fc\u00e7 tel i\u00e7in 6 ile 12 adet mandal g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir. Kanun yap\u0131m\u0131nda genellikle k\u00f6knar ve ya ladin, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs tahtas\u0131 olarak \u00e7\u0131nar, \u0131hlamur, g\u00fcrgen ve kay\u0131n, alt taban\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0131hlamur veya s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kontrplak, burgu tahtas\u0131 i\u00e7in yumu\u015fak bir a\u011fa\u00e7 olan \u0131hlamur, burgular i\u00e7in g\u00fcl, \u015fim\u015fir veya abanoz gibi sert a\u011fa\u00e7lar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kanun \u00f6zel y\u00fcks\u00fck’leri ile i\u015faret parmaklar\u0131na tak\u0131lan m\u0131zraplarla \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131r. En makbul m\u0131zrap “ba\u011fa” denilen deniz kaplumba\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u0131n alt\u0131 kemi\u011finden yap\u0131land\u0131r. Fildi\u015fi, kemik, boynuz vb. malzemelerden de yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,5 oktavl\u0131k geni\u015f ses alan\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7alg\u0131lar aras\u0131nda kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc g\u00f6steri\u015fli ve ahenkli sesiyle yer eden, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc duyguyu zengin bir \u015fekilde ifade etmeye uygun olan kanun, b\u00fct\u00fcn parmaklar\u0131 kullanarak \u00e7ok sesli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara da uygun bir \u00e7alg\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrk M\u00fczi\u011fi’nde lider bir enstr\u00fcman olarak yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKanun \u00e7almak ba\u015fta zor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, \u00f6\u011frendik\u00e7e keyifli hale gelir\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanun \u00e7almak ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta zor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, \u00f6\u011frendik\u00e7e ve geli\u015ftirdik\u00e7e daha da keyifli hale geliyor. Bu ve benzeri motive edici fakt\u00f6rlerin insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 tekd\u00fczelikten uzak tuttu\u011fu, renklendirdi\u011fi ve daha da anlamland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada. Meslekten \u00f6te bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi olan hekimlikte ise bu gibi etkinlikler \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli yer tutmakta. Siz de y\u0131llard\u0131r “ba\u015flasam m\u0131?” dedi\u011finiz o m\u00fczik enstr\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p \u00f6\u011frenmeye, \u00e7almaya, belki bir g\u00fcn kendi eserlerinizi olu\u015fturmaya ne dersiniz?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131 Acil T\u0131p B\u00fclteni’nin Haziran 2021 tarihli 8. say\u0131s\u0131nda<\/a> yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kanun, telli m\u0131zrapl\u0131 \u00e7alg\u0131lar ailesinden bir enstr\u00fcmand\u0131r. Etimolojik k\u00f6keninin Yunanca “kaide, kural” anlam\u0131na gelen “kanon” kelimesinden geldi\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar kanun…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":917,"featured_media":2628,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,18,10015],"tags":[10241,136],"class_list":["post-2621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hobi","category-tanitim","category-sosyal-blog-yazisi","tag-kanun","tag-muzik"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/aciltipbulteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2621","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/aciltipbulteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/aciltipbulteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/aciltipbulteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/917"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/aciltipbulteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2621"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/aciltipbulteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2621\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/aciltipbulteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2628"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/aciltipbulteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/aciltipbulteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tatd.org.tr\/aciltipbulteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}